The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.